A fuel cell is a device with high energy efficiency, in which electricity is produced by the chemical reaction of a fuel (hydrogen) and an oxidizing gaseous compound (oxygen), that takes place in the anode and cathode. In addition, H2 and O2 produces H2O.
Every fuel cell has two electrodes, a negative electrode or anode and a positive electrode or cathode, separated by an electrolyte liquid or solid in contact with an anode and a cathode on either side. The electrolyte plays an essential role, it allows only the movement of ions to pass from the anode to the cathode or vice versa. In other words, it permit only the suitable ions to pass between the anode and cathode. The flow of ions is an electric current whose direction depends on the nature of the electrolyte and its intensity depends on the strength of the chemical reaction that occurs at the electrodes. Hydrogen (H2 – two H atoms combined) reacts with oxygen and consequently causes other processes such as heat and electricity or motion. there are different types of fuel cells, such as Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells, Phosphoric Acid (PAFC) fuel cells , Alkali fuel cells, Molten Carbonate (MCFC) fuel cells.
In a fuel cell, fuel or hydrogen is continuously supplied to the anode and an oxidant or oxygen is continuously supplied to the cathode. Thanks to continuous support from an external source, a fuel cell, unlike a battery, can provide electricity for a much longer period of time. The fuel cell produces energy as long as it is fed.
Fuel cells produce power with minimal pollutant and offer a variety of applications. They provide advantages compared to traditional internal combustion technologies, including greater efficiencies and lower emission. The fuel cells are formed by the Stack (assembly of fuel cells) and the Balance of Plant (BoP), the support equipment that guarantees the efficient operation of the fuel cell, it includes fuel processing system, air management system, power conditioning system, etc.
A fuel cell produces an electric current used to carry out a work, such as powering an electric motor or lighting systems. They generate direct current converted into alternating current by means of a conversion device called an inverter.
Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier that can play an important role in reducing motor vehicles emissions.
Paolo Mazzone
SubEng – HSE Adviser
